Cities between Shefer and Dekel


Cities between Shefer and Dekel   |   Kibbutzim between Shefer and Dekel   |   Moshavim between Shefer and Dekel   |   Nature reserve between Shefer and Dekel

Up to 10 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Eli is : 9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Eli - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Shezor is : 9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shezor - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 20 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Evyatar is : 10.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Evyatar - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kfar Tapuach is : 11.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kfar Tapuach - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ravid is : 12.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ravid - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Maale Levona is : 14.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Maale Levona - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Maale Tzviya is : 16.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Maale Tzviya - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Har Brakha is : 19.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Har Brakha - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Yitzhar is : 19.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Yitzhar - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ariel is : 19.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ariel - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 30 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Sde Ilan is : 25.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sde Ilan - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Barkan is : 26.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Barkan - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ateret is : 26.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ateret - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Yakir is : 26.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Yakir - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Rakefet is : 27.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Rakefet - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Baruchin is : 27.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Baruchin - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Nofim is : 28.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Nofim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Immanuel is : 28.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Immanuel - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Koranit is : 29.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Koranit - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 40 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Halamish is : 31.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Halamish - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Alei Zahav is : 31.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Alei Zahav - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Maale Shomron is : 32.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Maale Shomron - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Leshem is : 33 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Leshem - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Peduel is : 33.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Peduel - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Etz Efraim is : 33.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Etz Efraim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Beit Arye is : 33.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Beit Arye - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Elkana is : 34.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Elkana - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ofarim is : 35 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ofarim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tzippori is : 38.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzippori - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Alfei Menashe is : 39 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Alfei Menashe - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Oranit is : 39.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Oranit - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 50 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Tel Adashim is : 41.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tel Adashim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Nirit is : 41.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Nirit - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Horshim is : 42.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Horshim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Matan is : 42.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Matan - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Yarhiv is : 43.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Yarhiv - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Shimshit is : 43.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shimshit - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Nahshonim is : 44.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Nahshonim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Elad is : 44.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Elad - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Hagor is : 45.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Hagor - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Einat is : 45.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Einat - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Bareket is : 46.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Bareket - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Beit Nehemia is : 46.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Beit Nehemia - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Neve Yamin is : 46.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Neve Yamin - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Givat Koah is : 47 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Givat Koah - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tirat Yehuda is : 47.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tirat Yehuda - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kfar Sirkin is : 47.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kfar Sirkin - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Max stern academic college of emek yezreel is : 47.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Max stern academic college of emek yezreel - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Elishama is : 47.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Elishama - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Givat HaShlosha is : 47.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Givat HaShlosha - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Neve Yarak is : 47.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Neve Yarak - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Mazor is : 47.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Mazor - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Beit Arif is : 48 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Beit Arif - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Nofekh is : 48.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Nofekh - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Timrat is : 48.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Timrat - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Nehalim is : 49 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Nehalim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Beerot Yitzhak is : 49.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Beerot Yitzhak - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Bnei Atarot is : 49.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Bnei Atarot - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kfar Truman is : 49.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kfar Truman - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Adanim is : 49.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Adanim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 60 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Kfar Saba is : 50.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kfar Saba - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Magdiel is : 50.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Magdiel - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Magshimim is : 50.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Magshimim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ganei Am is : 50.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ganei Am - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Yarkona is : 50.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Yarkona - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kfar Maas is : 51.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kfar Maas - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Hod HaSharon is : 51.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Hod HaSharon - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Petah Tikva is : 51.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Petah Tikva - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kfar Malal is : 51.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kfar Malal - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Yehud is : 52 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Yehud - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Gat Rimon is : 52.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Gat Rimon - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ganei Tikva is : 52.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ganei Tikva - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Sarid is : 53.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sarid - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Savyon is : 53.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Savyon - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ganei Yehuda is : 53.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ganei Yehuda - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ramat David is : 53.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramat David - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Neve Monosson is : 54 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Neve Monosson - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ramat Yishai is : 54.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramat Yishai - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Beilinson Hospital is : 54.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Beilinson Hospital - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Givat Shmuel is : 56 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Givat Shmuel - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kfar Azar is : 56.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kfar Azar - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Bnei Brak is : 57.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Bnei Brak - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kfar HaMaccabiya is : 57.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kfar HaMaccabiya - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ram On is : 58.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ram On - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 80 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Maale Iron is : 71.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Maale Iron - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 90 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Shaked is : 80.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shaked - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Reihan is : 84.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Reihan - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Katzir is : 84.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Katzir - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 110 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Sde Yitzhak is : 106.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sde Yitzhak - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 120 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Shaar Efraim is : 119.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shaar Efraim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 130 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Tnuvot is : 121 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tnuvot - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tzur Natan is : 123.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzur Natan - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tzoran is : 124.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzoran - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tzur Yitzhak is : 124.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzur Yitzhak - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tzur Moshe is : 126.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzur Moshe - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tzufin is : 128.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzufin - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tzur Yigal is : 128.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzur Yigal - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kadima is : 129.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kadima - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 140 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Tel Mond is : 130.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tel Mond - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ramat HaKovesh is : 133.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramat HaKovesh - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Shaarei Tikva is : 135.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shaarei Tikva - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tzofit is : 138 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzofit - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Sde Warburg is : 138 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sde Warburg - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Sdei Hemed is : 139.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sdei Hemed - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 150 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Raanana is : 144.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Raanana - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ramot HaShavim is : 144.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramot HaShavim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Rosh HaAyin is : 145.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Rosh HaAyin - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya is : 147.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 160 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Ramat HaSharon is : 151.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramat HaSharon - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Rinatia is : 154.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Rinatia - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kiryat Arie is : 154.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kiryat Arie - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Park Atidim is : 154.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Park Atidim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Zehela is : 155.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Zehela - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ramat Hachayal is : 155.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramat Hachayal - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kenyon Ayalon is : 157.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kenyon Ayalon - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Shoham is : 158.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shoham - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to University of Tel Aviv is : 158.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to University of Tel Aviv - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kiryat Ono is : 160 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kiryat Ono - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 170 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Ramat Aviv is : 160.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramat Aviv - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Bar Ilan University is : 160.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Bar Ilan University - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Shenkar is : 161.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shenkar - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ramat Gan is : 161.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramat Gan - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tel Hashomer is : 162.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tel Hashomer - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ramat Efal is : 163.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramat Efal - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ramat Pinkas is : 164.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramat Pinkas - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tel Aviv is : 164.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tel Aviv - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tzafria is : 166.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzafria - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 180 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Tzrifin is : 172 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzrifin - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ramla is : 173.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramla - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Holon college is : 174.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Holon college - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Rishon LeZion is : 176.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Rishon LeZion - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Gan Raveh Regional Council is : 178.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Gan Raveh Regional Council - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 190 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Ramot Meir is : 181.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ramot Meir - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Rehovot is : 183.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Rehovot - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Weizmann institute is : 184.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Weizmann institute - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kiryat Ekron is : 186.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kiryat Ekron - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kvutzat Shiller is : 186.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kvutzat Shiller - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 200 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Kidron is : 194.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kidron - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Revadim is : 197.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Revadim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Shdema is : 197.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shdema - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Aseret is : 198.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Aseret - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kanot Junction is : 199.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kanot Junction - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Givaat Washington is : 199.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Givaat Washington - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 210 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Kvutzat Yavne is : 202.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kvutzat Yavne - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Talmei Yehiel is : 205.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Talmei Yehiel - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Achva college is : 205.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Achva college - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kastina is : 208.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kastina - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Kiryat Malakhi is : 209.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Kiryat Malakhi - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Timorim is : 209.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Timorim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 220 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Shtulim is : 210.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shtulim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Sde Uziyahu is : 212.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sde Uziyahu - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Shafir is : 214.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shafir - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Komemiyut is : 219.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Komemiyut - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 230 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Revaha is : 220.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Revaha - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Shahar is : 224.5 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shahar - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Sde Yoav is : 225.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sde Yoav - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 240 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Sde David is : 233.7 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sde David - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Ashkelon college is : 234 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Ashkelon college - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Talmei Yafeh is : 235.6 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Talmei Yafeh - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tlamim is : 236.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tlamim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 250 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Sderot is : 249.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sderot - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 260 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Sapir college is : 250.3 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sapir college - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tkuma is : 258.9 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tkuma - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 270 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Shuva is : 262.2 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shuva - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Tushia is : 264.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tushia - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Shokeda is : 267.4 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Shokeda - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 280 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Reim is : 278.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Reim - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 300 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Tzohar is : 299 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Tzohar - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Distance from Shefer to Talmei Eliyahu is : 299.8 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Talmei Eliyahu - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus
Up to 310 kilometers
Distance from Shefer to Sde Nitzan is : 300.1 kilometer Driving from Shefer to Sde Nitzan - map and directions at Google maps \ Bus

Between two cities in israel
Cities  Kibbutzim  Moshavim  Nature Reserves
  From : 
     To :    


Cities between Shefer and Dekel   |   Kibbutzim between Shefer and Dekel   |   Moshavim between Shefer and Dekel   |   Nature reserve between Shefer and Dekel